All Texts
in chronological order by date of event or publication/creation date
 |
No.
|
Date
|
Title
|
Online Source
|
| 1 |
1912 |
A Negro Nurse, "More Slavery at the South," Independent, 25 January 1912
https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/80 |
History Matters, George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 2 |
1919 |
Emmett J. Scott, ed., "Letters of Negro Migrants, 1916-1918," annotated collection, The Journal of Negro History, July & October 1919, selection
https://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/social/greatmigration/letters/
negro_letters.html |
eCUIP: Digital Library Project of the Chicago Public Schools & University of Chicago Internet Project |
| 3 |
1919 |
Claude McKay, "If We Must Die," poem
https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5130/ |
History Matters |
| 4 |
1919 |
Walter White, "N.A.A.C.P.—Chicago and Its Eight Reasons," essay, The Crisis, October 1919
https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4978 |
History Matters |
| 5 |
1919 |
"Negroes Petition General Assembly," The State (Columbia, South Carolina), 23 January 1919
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/maai3/protest/text1/text1read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 6 |
1919 |
"Where We Are Lacking" & "Some "Don'ts," Chicago Defender, 17 May 1919
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/maai3/migrations/text6/text6read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 7 |
1920 |
Emmett J. Scott, Negro Migration during the War, Ch. 3-4
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/maai3/migrations/text1/text1read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 8 |
1921 |
Leslie Rogers, "People We Can Get Along Without," cartoon, Chicago Defender, 9 July 1921
https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6785 |
History Matters |
| 9 |
1922 |
Charles Johnson, Chicago Commission on Race Relations, The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot in 1919, commission report, excerpts
https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4977 |
History Matters |
| 10 |
1922 |
Bessie Smith, "Tain't Nobody's Business If I Do," blues recording
-Lyrics https://www.heptune.com/taintnob.html
-Audio clip https://www.last.fm/music/Bessie+Smith/_/%27Tain%27t+
Nobody%27s+Business+if+I+Do |
Heptune.com
& last.fm |
| 11 |
1924 |
Marcus Garvey, "Aims and Objects of Movement for Solution of Negro Problem," essay, 1924
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/maai3/segregation/text1/text1read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 12 |
1925 |
Rudolph Fisher, "The City of Refuge," short story, Atlantic Monthly, February 1925
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/maai3/migrations/text4/text4read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 13 |
1925 |
Alain Locke, "Enter the New Negro," essay, Survey Graphic, March 1925
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/maai3/migrations/text8/text8read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 14 |
1925 |
R. Edgar Iles, "Boley: An Exclusively Negro Town in Oklahoma," essay, Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, August 1925
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text1/text1read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 15 |
1925 |
James Weldon Johnson, "Harlem: The Culture Capital," essay in Alain Locke, ed., The New Negro
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text1/text1read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 16 |
1925 |
Zora Neale Hurston, "Spunk," short story, Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, June 1925
https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5131/ |
History Matters |
| 17 |
ca.
1925 |
Georgia Douglas Johnson, A Sunday Morning in the South, one-act play
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text3/text3read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 18 |
1926 |
George Schuyler, "The Negro-Art Hokum," essay, The Nation, 16 June 1926
https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5129/ |
History Matters |
| 19 |
1926 |
Langston Hughes, "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," essay, The Nation, 23 June 1926
https://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/360.html |
The Nation |
| 20 |
1926 |
W. E. B. Du Bois, "Criteria of Negro Art," essay, The Crisis, October 1926
https://www.webdubois.org/dbCriteriaNArt.html |
WEBDuBois.org |
| 21 |
1927 |
E. Franklin Frazier, "Racial Self-Expression" (excerpt), in Ebony and Topaz: A Collectanea, ed. Charles S. Johnson, National Urban League
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text5/text5read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 22 |
1927 |
William Pickens, "Racial Segregation," essay, Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, December 1927
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text1/text1read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 23 |
1927 |
Gwendolyn B. Bennett, "Hatred," poem
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text11/text11read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 24 |
1928 |
Alain Locke, "Art or Propaganda?" essay, Harlem, November 1928
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text10/text10read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 25 |
1929 |
Nella Larsen, Passing, novel, Ch. 3
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text6/text6read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 26 |
1929 |
Walter White, "I Investigate Lynchings," essay, American Mercury, January 1929
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text2/text2read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 27 |
1930 |
Eddie "Son" House, "Dry Spell Blues," blues recording
-Version I: Lyrics https://www.harptab.com/lyrics/ly5014.shtml
-Version II: Lyrics https://www.harptab.com/lyrics/ly5015.shtml
-Audio clips https://www.amazon.com/Complete-Recorded-Works-House-Singers/
dp/B000000J26
|
HarpTab.com
& Amazon.com |
| 28 |
ca.
1930 |
Georgia Douglas Johnson, Blue-Eyed Black Boy, one-act play
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text3/text3read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 29 |
1931 |
Sterling A. Brown, "Strong Men," poem
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text11/text11read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 30 |
1934 |
Countee Cullen, "Scottsboro, Too, Is Worth Its Song," poem
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text11/text11read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 31 |
1934 |
Aaron Douglas, Song of the Towers, in mural series Aspects of Negro Life
https://xroads.virginia.edu/~ASI/musi212/brandi/douglas.html |
American Studies, University of Virginia |
| 32 |
1937 |
Richard Wright, "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch," essay, Federal Writers' Project (WPA)
https://newdeal.feri.org/fwp/fwp03.htm |
New Deal Network, Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute |
| 33 |
1939 |
Augusta Savage, Lift Every Voice and Sing (The Harp), plaster sculpture for the New York World's Fair
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text4/text4read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 34 |
1940 |
Langston Hughes, "Ballad of the Landlord," poem
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text11/text11read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 35 |
ca.
1940 |
"We Shall Overcome," (transition from earlier spiritual), lyrics & audio clip
https://www.lib.virginia.edu/small/exhibits/music/
protest_overcome.html |
Lift Every Voice, University of Virginia Library |
| 36 |
1940
-1941 |
Jacob Lawrence, The Migration of the Negro, series of sixty paintings with captions, casein tempera on hardboard
-Even-numbered panels
https://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?
criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A3418&page_number=1&template_id=6&sort_order=1
-Odd-numbered panels
https://www.phillipscollection.org/american_art/artwork/
Lawrence-Migration_Series1.htm
|
Museum of
Modern Art
Phillips Collection |
| 37 |
1941 |
H. Lee Waters, Kannapolis, N.C., in film series Movies of Local People, video clip
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text2/text2read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 38 |
ca.
1943
-1944 |
William H. Johnson, Moon over Harlem, oil on plywood
https://americanart.si.edu/cottingham/tour-noframe.html?/
cottingham/more-moon.html |
Smithsonian American Art Museum |
| 39 |
1945 |
Letters of protest to A. S. Donaldson, manager, Lansburgh's Dept. Store, Washington, DC, from J. L. Henry, Florence Patterson Clark, and Beatrice M. Short
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text1/text1read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 40 |
1945 |
Robert Gwathmey, Poll Tax Country, oil on canvas
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text4/text4read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 41 |
1946 |
Claude Clark, Slave Lynching, oil on canvas
https://shs.westport.k12.ct.us/jwb/Art/Clark/Slave.jpg |
J. Whiting, Staples HS, Westport, CT |
| 42 |
1946
-1947 |
Elizabeth Catlett, four linoleum cuts in series The Negro Woman
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text5/text5read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 43 |
1947 |
Jessie P. Guzman & W. Hardin Hughes, "Lynching-Crime," Negro Year Book: A Review of Events Affecting Negro Life, 1944-1946
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text2/text2read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 44 |
1957 |
Gwendolyn Brooks, "The Chicago Defender Sends a Man to Little Rock," poem
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text11/text11read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 45 |
ca.
1960 |
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, "This Is SCLC," pamphlet, excerpts
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text2/text2read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 46 |
1960 |
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Statement of Purpose
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text2/text2read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 47 |
1960 |
Ruby Bridges integrating Frantz Elementary School, New Orleans, escorted by federal marshals, photograph
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text9/text9read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 48 |
1961 |
Albany (Georgia) Nonviolent Movement, handbill announcing a meeting
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text2/text2read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 49 |
1962 |
Martin Luther King, Jr., "Fumbling on the New Frontier," essay, The Nation, 3 March 1962
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/overcome/text1/text1read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 50 |
1962 |
Robert Williams, Negroes with Guns, Ch. 3-5
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text6/text6read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 51 |
1963 |
Reginald Gammon, Freedom Now, acrylic on board
https://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG01/hughes/now.html |
American Studies, University of Virginia |
| 52 |
1964 |
Malcolm X, "The Ballot or the Bullet," address, Detroit, Michigan, 12 April 1964, text & audio
https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/malcolmxballotorbullet.htm |
American Rhetoric.com |
| 53 |
1964 |
Romare Bearden, Sermons: The Walls of Jericho, mixed media
https://hirshhorn.si.edu/visit/collection_object.asp?key=32&subkey=3825
|
Hirshhorn Museum (Smithsonian) |
| 54 |
1964 |
Joe Overstreet, The New Jemima, acrylic on fabric over plywood
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/overcome/text4/text4read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 55 |
1964 |
Norman Rockwell, The Problem We All Live With, oil on canvas
https://www.guggenheim.org/exhibitions/past_exhibitions/rockwell/
problem.html |
Guggenheim Museum |
| 56 |
1965 |
James Farmer, "Integration or Desegregation," Ch. 5 (excerpt) of Freedom—When?
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text7/text7read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 57 |
1965 |
Bayard Rustin, "From Protest to Politics: The Future of the Civil Rights Movement," essay, Commentary, February 1965
https://www.socialdemocrats.org/protopol.html |
Social Democrats, USA |
| 58 |
1965 |
Malcolm X, "Not Just an American Problem, But a World Problem," address, Rochester, New York, 16 February 1965
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text10/text10read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 59 |
1965 |
LeRoi Jones (Amiri Baraka), "The Revolutionary Theatre," essay, Liberator, July 1965
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text12/text12read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 60 |
1965 |
Douglas Turner Ward, Day of Absence, one-act play, excerpts
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text12/text12read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 61 |
1965 |
Curtis Mayfield, "People Get Ready," song
-Lyrics
https://lyricsplayground.com/alpha/songs/p/peoplegetready.shtml
-Audio clips (NPR broadcast)
https://www.npr.org/news/specials/march40th/people.html
|
International Lyrics Playground
& National Public Radio |
| 62 |
1966 |
Julius Lester, "The Angry Children of Malcolm X," essay, Sing Out!, October/November 1966, excerpt
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/overcome/text5/text5read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 63 |
1966 |
Stokely Carmichael, "Toward Black Liberation," essay, The Massachusetts Review, Autumn 1966
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text8/text8read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 64 |
1967 |
Martin Luther King, Jr., "Where Do We Go from Here?," address to the Southern Christian Leadershp Conference (SCLC), Atlanta, Georgia, 16 August 1967
https://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/kingpapers/
article/where_do_we_go_from_here/ |
The King Center & Stanford University |
| 65 |
ca.
1967 |
Alice Walker, "Roselily," short story
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/migrations/text11/text11read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 66 |
1968 |
Anne Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi, Ch. 26: "The Movement," excerpts (Mississippi Summer Freedom Project of 1963)
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text7/text7read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 67 |
1968 |
Larry Neal, "The Black Arts Movement," essay, Drama Review, Summer 1968, excerpt
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text8/text8read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 68 |
1968 |
Elizabeth Catlett, Black Unity, mahogany sculpture
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text9/text9read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 69 |
1969 |
Sonia Sanchez, "right on: white america," poem
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text11/text11read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 70 |
1970 |
Charles White, lithograph in Wanted Poster series
https://negroartist.com/negro%20artist/charles%20white/pages/CHARLES%20WHITE%20Wanted%20Poster%201970_jpg.htm
|
NegroArtist.com |
| 71 |
1972 |
Betye Saar, The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, mixed media assemblage
https://www.netropolitan.org/saar/auntjemima.html
|
Netropolitan: Museum without Walls |
| 72 |
1974 |
Henry Dumas, "Ark of Bones," short story (published posthumously), excerpt
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text7/text7read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 73 |
1976 |
Bernice Johnson Reagon, "In Our Hands: Thoughts on Black Music," Sing Out!, January 1976
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text3/text3read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 74 |
1987 |
Pauli Murray, "Members of Your Race Are Not Admitted" (on 1938 application to the University of North Carolina law school), Ch. 11 in Song in a Weary Throat, memoir (published posthumously)
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text1/text1read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 75 |
1987 |
Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It, Ch. 2: "The Boycott Begins"
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/protest/text5/text5read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 76 |
1992 |
Brent Wade, Company Man, novel, excerpts
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/overcome/text7/text7read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 77 |
1993 |
Interview with Walter Cavers on choosing to remain in the South, Behind the Veil Project, Center for Documentary Studies, Duke University, as published in William Chafe et al., eds., Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell about Life in the Segregated South, 2001
-Narrative:
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/migrations/text7/text7read.htm
-"Wrongly Accused": audio clip (3:20)
https://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/ remembering/danger.html
|
National Humanities Center
& Remembering Jim Crow, American Radio Works |
| 78 |
1994 |
Interview with A. I. Dixie and Samuel Dixie on fraternal organizations in Florida in the 1920s/1930s, Behind the Veil Project, Center for Documentary Studies, Duke University, as published in William Chafe et al., eds., Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell about Life in the Segregated South, 2001
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text3/text3read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 79 |
1994 |
Interview with Brent Wade, author of novel Company Man (1992), radio broadcast in SoundingsTM from the National Humanities Center, audio clip
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/overcome/text7/text7read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 80 |
1995 |
Interview with Willie Harrell on plantation life in the twentieth-century South, Behind the Veil Project, Center for Documentary Studies, Duke University, as published in William Chafe et al., eds., Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell about Life in the Segregated South, 2001
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/migrations/text7/text7read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 81 |
1999 |
Tracy Price-Thompson, "Bensonhurst: Black and Then Blue" (school integration in 1960s), in Laurel Holliday, ed., Children of the Dream: Our Own Stories of Growing Up Black in America, 1999
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/overcome/text6/text6read.htm |
National Humanities Center |
| 82 |
2000 |
David Van Leeuwen, "Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association," essay in TeacherServeTM, Divining America: Religion in the National Culture, from the National Humanities Center
https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/twenty/tkeyinfo/garvey.htm
|
National Humanities Center |
